None Of Our Ancestors Are Alive Today ! Despite their superficial resemblances to chimpanzees and gorillas; 
our ancestors diverged from the forerunners of modern apes at least 5 million years ago, when they developed an upright stance and bipedal locomotion.
Life may have been on this earth for some 650 million years!
Fossil studies have revealed that mammals may have appeared only 150 million years ago, and the monkey-like mammals may have first appeared only 25 million years ago. Ramapithecus, the species claimed to be the ancestor to humans and other living apes, lived from 8 to 14 million years ago.
Our closest living relatives appear to be the African apes, chimps and gorillas, and our ancestors diverged from their ancestors around 5 million years ago. About 2 million years ago saw the first appearance of animals that everyone agrees are human. The ancestor is Australopithecus. These animals lived in Southern Africa and are the first to show a distinctive human characteristic: They walked upright.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis confirms a common ancestor for all modern humans within the last 200,000 years. Our ancestral "Eve" lived in Africa between 285,000 and 143,000 years ago. According to fossil records, modern humans, Homo Sapiens Sapiens, appeared in North Africa and Asia between 40,000 to 100,000 years ago. 
Homo Erectus (Java man and Peking man), had discovered the use of fire, but probably did not have the anatomy of the throat necessary to be compatible with complex speech as we know it. Neanderthal man had a brain as large as present day man, but may have had a poorly developed vocal apparatus, suggesting that language was still primitive. However, Neanderthal man apparently burried their dead with flowers, possibly demonstrating the earliest evidence of some type of religious belief. 
Some 25,000 years ago Cro-Magnon man was producing elaborate paintings on cave walls, carving ivory and stone figurines; producing the first human artistic relics. The Modern Age really began in about 1500 A.D., and it was after this time that most of what we see around us today was invented or discovered, excluding of course, the Pyramids. Hence, although most of what we associate with modern humans is of very recent origin, the basic tools for use (i.e., the brain, free hands, and bipedal locomotion), have been with us a very long time!
The Origins Of
Human Language
Try to imagine, if you will, A time when men spoke not of themselves or, perhaps, spoke not at all; A time when men spoke no words nor heard words, per se, for the words did not exist; A time when the individual did not recognize the nature of individuality; A time when all worked in unison for the benefit of one and all; A time when the gods spoke directly in orchestrating all activities; A time when knowing was an inner prompting, an intuitive guidance, and expression of instinctual urge, a sharing of thought without words! Is it difficult to imagine such a world where words, per se, did not exist?
There has been much speculation about the origin of human language. An obvious explanation of speech is that it evolved slowly from different types of vocalizations. Steklis and Raleigh argue strongly for the "Vocalization Evolution Theory." The evidence they put forth involves a direct as opposed to indirect, explanation; Many nonhuman primates use nonemotional types of vocalizations in a rudimentary communicative style; and the evolution of new types of skilled movements would have provided a neural basis for the refined movements of the vocal system prerequisite for speech.
In addition to this theory, there are two other major theories which merit consideration. 
One theory suggests language in its present form is recent in origin. The second theory suggests that language is very old and only gradually evolved into its present form from its original gestural state. The both may be acceptable if one were to think of language evolving in a gestural form and then rapidly transforming into a vocal form!
In some primitive tribes, music, rhythmic chanting, durms, and dance, are used to induce hypnosis. Bali is well known for its Hypnotic Dances, in which performers and their audience experience Altered States Of Consciousness during their performances. Music is wordless communication! A person can listen to music closely, become absorbed in it and lose himself in it without the need to treat it logically, to analyze it, to be practical or realistic about it. This receptivity without analysis is one of the hypnotist's goals!
If we consider the evidence that language (as we use it), is of recent origin; the work of Swadish should be of importance. He developed a list of 100 basic lexical concepts which he felt should be observed in all 3000 spoken languages. These included such words as "I," "Two," "Woman," "Sun." He then calculated the rate at which these words would have changed as new dialects of language were formed. His estimation suggests that the rate of change was 14% every 1000 years. When he compared the list of words spoken in different parts of the world, his estimates suggested that between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago everyone spoke the same language! Since hominids have been around 5 million years, is it possible that they only began to speak around 100,000 years ago?
Lieberman
studied the properties of the vocal tract that allows the modern human to make the sounds that are used for language in an attempt to answer this question. Modern humans have a low larynx and a large throat, and it is those very features which make them unique. Modern apes and newborn humans have neither of these features and cannot produce all the sounds used in human speech. Based on the findings of skull reconstruction, Lieberman suggests that Neanderthal man was also unable to make the sounds of modern speech. Specifically, he could not have been able to produce the Vowels A, I, and U. If Lieberman's hypothesis is correct, then it could be concluded that modern speech did not exist before at most 100,000 years ago, before the appearance of Cro-Mangon man.
It is indeed possible that speech and writing may have appeared at about the same time, as the ability to write and the ability to speak seem to have a lot in common. 
Particularly since they both require very fine motor movements and many movement transitions. Alexander Marshack found that the first symbols that humans made dates back to about 30,000 years ago. It is therefore possible that the evolution of modern humanity was quite sudden and one of our adaptive strategies was in fact spoken language!
In the early 1800s, Franz Josef Gall (1758- 1828) and Johann Casper Spurzheim (1776- 1832), with their espousal of phrenology, were first to propose a relation between localized regions of the human brain and specific behaviors.
This theory of localization of function was in disrepute for almost 50 years until, Jean Baptiste Bouillard (1796- 1881) agreed with Gall and Spruzheim and attempted to provide supporting evidence that the organ of human language existed in the anterior lobes of the brain.
On Feburary 21, 1825 Bouillard went so far as to propose asymmetry of human brain function, suggesting that the hemispheres had a special roles in complex movements such as fencing, writing, and speech. This proposal was supported by Marc Dax in 1836, when he described a series of clinical cases demonstrating that disorders of language were consistently associated with lesions of the left hemisphere.
The hypothesis that speech is localized in the Frontal Lobe of the left hemisphere was revived in 1861 by Auburtin
. It was Paul Broca (1824- 1880) however, who provided the anatomical proof of the theory and is an irony of science that the anterior speech zone became known as "Broca's Area."
The primary disturbance resulting from damage to Broca's Area appeared to be a defect in the motor component of speech production.
In 1875, Carl Wernicke (1848- 1904) demonstrated that a lesion in the Tempo-Parietal cortex produced a form of language disturbance that differed from that discribed by Broca. This region of the brain became known as "Wernicke's Area." Wernicke proposed that Broca's Area was the center of language production, whereas Wernicke's Area was the center of language understanding.
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